1. What is Flow Velocity in a Pipe?

Definition: Flow velocity is the speed at which fluid moves through a pipe or conduit.

Purpose: This calculator helps engineers and plumbers determine the velocity of fluid flow based on flow rate and pipe cross-sectional area.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( v \) — Flow velocity (meters per second, m/s)
• \( Q \) — Flow rate (cubic meters per second, m³/s)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square meters, m²)

Explanation: The flow rate is divided by the cross-sectional area to determine the average velocity of the fluid.

3. Importance of Flow Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient pipe sizing, prevents erosion, and maintains optimal flow conditions in hydraulic systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in m³/s and the cross-sectional area in m². For circular pipes, area = π × (diameter/2)².

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical flow velocity for water in pipes?
A: For water supply, 0.5-2.5 m/s is common, with 1 m/s being a typical design value.

Q2: How do I calculate area for a circular pipe?
A: Use A = π × r² where r is the pipe radius (half of diameter).

Q3: What if I know diameter instead of area?
A: First calculate area using the formula above, then use this calculator.

Q4: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, the formula applies to any incompressible fluid (water, oil, etc.).

Q5: Why is velocity important in pipe design?
A: High velocity can cause erosion and noise, while low velocity may lead to sedimentation.

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