Calculate Water Flow Rate

Water Flow Rate Formula:

\[ Q = A \times v \]

Flow Rate (m³/s):

1. What is Water Flow Rate?

Definition: Water flow rate is the volume of water that passes through a given surface per unit time.

Purpose: This calculator helps engineers, plumbers, and hydrologists determine the flow rate in pipes, rivers, or other conduits.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ Q = A \times v \]

Where:

\( Q \) — Flow rate (cubic meters per second, m³/s)
\( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square meters, m²)
\( v \) — Flow velocity (meters per second, m/s)

Explanation: The flow rate is calculated by multiplying the cross-sectional area of the flow by the average velocity of the water.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations are essential for designing water supply systems, irrigation systems, and hydraulic structures.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the cross-sectional area in square meters and the flow velocity in meters per second. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How do I measure cross-sectional area?
A: For pipes, use πr² (π × radius squared). For irregular channels, divide into regular shapes and sum their areas.

Q2: What's a typical flow velocity?
A: In pipes, typical velocities range from 0.5-3 m/s. Higher velocities may cause pipe erosion.

Q3: Can I use different units?
A: Yes, but ensure consistent units (e.g., cm² with cm/s) and convert the final result as needed.

Q4: How does pipe diameter affect flow rate?
A: Flow rate increases with the square of the diameter (double diameter = 4× flow rate at same velocity).

Q5: What affects water velocity?
A: Velocity depends on pressure, pipe slope, roughness, and restrictions like valves or bends.