Calculate Velocity in Pipe from Flow Rate

Velocity Formula:

\[ v = \frac{Q}{A} \]

Velocity (v):

m/s

1. What is Velocity in Pipe Flow?

Definition: Velocity is the speed at which fluid flows through a pipe, calculated by dividing the volumetric flow rate by the pipe's cross-sectional area.

Purpose: Understanding flow velocity helps in designing piping systems, ensuring proper flow characteristics, and preventing issues like erosion or sedimentation.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ v = \frac{Q}{A} \]

Where:

\( v \) — Velocity (meters per second, m/s)
\( Q \) — Flow rate (cubic meters per second, m³/s)
\( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square meters, m²)

Explanation: The flow rate (volume per time) divided by the cross-sectional area gives the linear velocity (distance per time).

3. Importance of Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient system design, prevents excessive pressure drops, and helps maintain laminar flow when needed.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in m³/s and the cross-sectional area in m². For circular pipes, area = π × (diameter/2)². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: Typically 0.5-3 m/s for water, with 1-2 m/s being most common for balance between friction loss and sedimentation.

Q2: How do I calculate area for a circular pipe?
A: Area = π × r² where r is the radius, or π × (diameter/2)².

Q3: What if my pipe isn't circular?
A: Calculate the cross-sectional area based on the shape (rectangle: width × height, etc.).

Q4: Does this work for gases as well as liquids?
A: Yes, the same formula applies to any fluid, though gas velocities are typically higher.

Q5: What's the relationship between velocity and pressure?
A: Higher velocities generally mean higher pressure drops due to friction (Bernoulli's principle).