Calculate Velocity in a Pipe

Velocity Formula:

\[ v = \frac{Q}{\pi \times \left(\frac{d}{2}\right)^2} \]

Velocity (v):

1. What is Pipe Velocity Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the velocity of fluid flowing through a pipe based on the flow rate and pipe diameter.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and fluid system designers understand flow characteristics in piping systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ v = \frac{Q}{\pi \times \left(\frac{d}{2}\right)^2} \]

Where:

\( v \) — Velocity (meters per second, m/s)
\( Q \) — Flow rate (cubic meters per second, m³/s)
\( d \) — Pipe diameter (meters, m)
\( \pi \) — Pi (approximately 3.1416)

Explanation: The flow rate is divided by the cross-sectional area of the pipe (πr² where r = d/2) to determine the average velocity.

3. Importance of Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity calculation ensures efficient system design, prevents erosion from high velocities, and ensures adequate flow at low velocities.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in m³/s and pipe diameter in meters. Both values must be > 0. The result shows average velocity in m/s.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: For water, typical velocities are 0.5-2.5 m/s in supply lines and 2-5 m/s in drainage systems.

Q2: How does pipe diameter affect velocity?
A: For a given flow rate, velocity increases as pipe diameter decreases (inverse square relationship).

Q3: Does this calculate maximum or average velocity?
A: This calculates the average velocity across the pipe cross-section.

Q4: Can I use this for gases or other fluids?
A: Yes, the formula works for any fluid as long as you use consistent units.

Q5: What if my pipe isn't circular?
A: This calculator is for circular pipes only. For other shapes, use the appropriate area formula.